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vol-36Antiaflatoxigenic activity of chemical antioxidants
(glutathione and glutathione enhancer) on Oreochromis niloticus
Manal I. El-Barbary
Fish Diseases Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt.
E-mail: [email protected]
Received 9th September 2009, Accepted 24th September 2009
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two antioxidants, namely glutathione (GSH) and
glutathione enhancer (GSH-EH), for amelioration of aflatoxicosis in Oreochromis niloticus. Three concentrations of
both of GSH and GSH-EH (0, 5 and 10 mg/kg B.W. as a single intraperitoneal administration) were tested either as
a pre-or post- treatment for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Two concentration of AFB1 (0 and 9 ppm) were tested. AFB1 was
dissolved in Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO 25%) and injected to the fish groups. GSH and GSH-EH were dissolved
in distilled water just before use directly. A total number of 224 apparently healthy O. niloticus were assigned to 14
treatments (T1–T14) with 2 replicates, T1 was kept as a negative control group, T2 (positive control AFB1), T3 and T4
(fish injected with GSH at 5 &10 mg/kg B.W., respectively), T5 and T6 (fish injected with GSH-EH at 5 &10 mg/kg
B.W., respectively), treatments T7-T10 were injected at the start of the experiment by GSH and GSH-EH, then at the
2nd day were injected by AFB1. While groups T11-T14, were injected by AFB1 at the start of the experiment, then at
the 2nd day were injected by GSH and GSH-EH (as a post treatment). At the end of the experiment; blood, muscles
and liver samples were taken from each group to determine the glutathione activity in blood, AFB1 residues in fish
muscles and screen the AFB1 metabolites in liver by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS), and to
determine the alterations in the liver of the experimental fish. The results showed that AFB1 has significant potency
for reducing the GSH values in blood O. niloticus either it was injected alone (T2) or with either of GSH or GSHEH. While, GSH and GSH-EH pre-treatments (T7-T10) reflected decrease in GSH values comparing with the posttreatments (T11-T14). AFB1 residues showed that both antioxidants have the potency of vanishing the AFB1 residues
only, at the post-treatment (T11-T14). Microscopically, there were hepatic lesions manifested by severing congestion
with large areas of hemorrhages, necrotic hepatocytes and dilatation in blood vessels in AFB1 injected fish groups.
Keywords: Aflatoxin B1, Antiaflatoxigenic, Glutathione, Glutathione enhancer, Residues, Histopathology.
